The main challenge of these energy sources lies in the variability in their production. While the systems produce a lot of electricity on sunny and windy days, energy production almost stops in cloudy or calm weather. This fluctuation raises serious concerns about the reliability of renewable energy systems. The imbalance between energy production and consumption threatens the stability and sustainability of grids.
Current technologies can store excess production of solar and wind energy in underground caverns and reservoirs. These systems increase the flexibility and reliability of networks while balancing fluctuations in energy production. Researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology emphasize that relying only on lithium-ion batteries is insufficient and that more comprehensive storage strategies are needed.
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